Dr. Abhishek Srinivas is a paediatrician and neonatologist with over 15 years of experience in child healthcare. He completed his MBBS and postgraduate training at SPS Medical College, Telangana, followed by a fellowship in neonatology at Lotus Hospital. Specializing in the care of preterm and critically ill newborns, he has expertise in managing neonatal intensive care, ventilator support, and developmental paediatrics. Currently practicing at Suraksha Hospital, Kompally, Dr. Srinivas is also actively involved in medical education and community health awareness. His insights on child nutrition, vaccinations, and preventive care continue to benefit countless families. In this insightful interview with Ramesh K Munjuluri of Neo Science Hub – Health Care, Dr. Abhishek Srinivas emphasizes early childhood care, preventive health, balanced nutrition, and the evolving landscape of paediatric medicine.
Could you share an overview of your journey as a pediatrician and neonatologist, including your educational background and experience?
I am Dr. Abhishek Srinivas, a paediatrician and neonatologist. I completed my MBBS and postgraduate training at SPS Medical College in Mehaboob Nagar, Telangana. Following this, I pursued a fellowship in neonatology at Lotus Hospital, specializing in the care of preterm and critically ill infants. Over the past 15 years, I have gained extensive experience managing complex cases, including ventilator support, central lines, and critical care for neonates. Currently, I practice at Suraksha Hospital in Kompally and actively participate in academic programs like continuous medical education to stay updated and contribute to my field.
What inspired you to specialize in neonatology and paediatric care?
My inspiration to specialize in neonatology stemmed from a deep interest in providing care for the most vulnerable patients—new-borns and preterm babies. Witnessing the challenges associated with neonatal care, including asphyxia, infections, and preterm deliveries, motivated me to pursue advanced training in this field. The satisfaction of seeing critically ill infants recover and thrive, thanks to the advancements in neonatology and paediatric care, has been a driving force in my career. It’s incredibly rewarding to be part of a specialty where even small interventions can make a profound impact on a child’s life.
What are the recommended screen time guidelines for children of different age groups, and what are the potential risks of excessive screen time?
Screen time guidelines for children are crucial for their overall well-being. For children under the age of 2, no screen time is recommended. Between the ages of 2 and 6, screen time should be limited to 1 to 1.5 hours per day, and for children older than 6, it can be extended to 1 to 2 hours daily. Excessive screen time poses several risks, including physical issues like vision problems, early onset of refractive errors, neck pain, and spondylitis. Mentally, it can lead to reduced social interaction, exposure to inappropriate content, and sleep disturbances. Emotionally, prolonged screen exposure may increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and cognitive issues.
How does screen time impact the cognitive and emotional development of children, especially during the early years?
Screen time has a profound effect on cognitive and emotional development, particularly during the early years when 80% of brain development occurs. Excessive exposure to screens can disrupt memory formation, cognitive processing, and intelligence development. Emotional disturbances, such as decreased social interaction and bonding with family, can arise when children prioritize screens over human connection. Additionally, prolonged screen time is linked to conditions like autism, with some cases of reversible autism being observed when screen exposure is eliminated. Ensuring minimal to no screen time during these critical formative years is essential for optimal brain and emotional development.
What are the most common health issues you encounter in your practice among neonates and children?
In my practice, the most common health issues among neonates include birth-related complications like asphyxia, neonatal infections, and sepsis, which remain prevalent in developing countries like India. Premature births and the associated challenges of caring for extremely small and fragile infants are also significant. Among children, I frequently see cases of respiratory infections, malnutrition, seasonal diseases like dengue, and developmental delays. These conditions highlight the importance of timely interventions and advancements in neonatology and paediatrics, which have significantly improved survival and outcomes for even the most vulnerable patients.
How has the rise of lifestyle diseases like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension impacted pediatric care?
The rise of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension has dramatically shifted paediatric care. Increasing sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and excessive screen time have led to a surge in childhood obesity, which in turn increases the risk of early-onset diabetes and hypertension. These conditions often have long-term implications, including higher chances of cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses later in life. Paediatric care now emphasizes preventive measures, including promoting balanced diets, regular physical activity, and minimizing sedentary behaviors, to combat these emerging challenges and ensure healthier futures for children.
What is your advice to parents on maintaining a balanced diet for their children, starting from infancy?
A balanced diet is fundamental for a child’s growth and development, and it starts from infancy. I strongly advise exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, as it provides all the essential nutrients and immunity-boosting components a baby needs. After six months, parents should gradually introduce weaning foods like purees, fresh vegetables, fruits, and homemade cereals rich in proteins and carbohydrates. Avoid processed and fried foods, and prioritize natural and preservative-free options. Eggs are an excellent source of protein and can be included daily. Establishing healthy eating habits early helps ensure proper nutrition and prevents bad weight gain in the long term.
How crucial are specific nutrients like iron, calcium, and Vitamin D in the early years of a child’s development?
Iron, calcium, and Vitamin D are critical during a child’s early years. Iron is essential for brain development, memory, and cognitive functions, especially since the brain develops significantly in the first two years. Calcium is vital for building strong bones and teeth, while Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption and supports overall skeletal health. Breast milk, while highly beneficial, has limited iron and Vitamin D content, making supplementation necessary during infancy. Ensuring adequate intake of these nutrients through diet and, when needed, supplements can significantly influence a child’s physical and cognitive development, laying the foundation for lifelong health.
What steps can parents take to protect their children from seasonal illnesses like dengue and chickenpox?
To protect children from seasonal illnesses like dengue and chickenpox, parents should focus on preventive measures. For dengue, maintaining a clean and dry environment is crucial to prevent mosquito breeding. Use mosquito nets, repellents, and ensure no stagnant water is present in and around the home. For chickenpox, ensure the child is vaccinated and monitor them for symptoms like fever and rashes during outbreaks. Seasonal diets, rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, and immunity-boosting foods like turmeric and ginger, can help strengthen their defence against infections. Prompt medical attention for any warning signs is essential.
How important is hand hygiene and vaccination in preventing common pediatric infections?
Hand hygiene and vaccination are cornerstones of preventing common pediatric infections. Regular handwashing, especially after using the restroom, before meals, and after outdoor activities, can significantly reduce the spread of bacteria and viruses. During the pandemic, hand hygiene became a simple yet powerful tool for infection control. Vaccination is equally critical; it protects against life-threatening diseases like polio, pneumonia, and influenza. Rigorous vaccine trials and continuous surveillance ensure their safety and effectiveness. Parents should prioritize immunization schedules and view vaccines not as a short-term remedy but as a long-term investment in their child’s health.
Could you explain developmental delays, such as speech and motor milestones, and how they are addressed?
Developmental delays occur when a child does not reach specific milestones within the expected age range. For example, a child should typically hold their neck by 2 months, stand by 12 months, and walk without support by 15 months. Speech delays are identified if a child is not using words by 15 months. These delays can result from various factors, including asphyxia, genetic conditions, or environmental influences. Addressing them involves early identification of red flag signs and seeking medical advice promptly. Interventions like behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy play a crucial role in helping children overcome these delays and achieve their developmental potential.
How can parents identify and manage conditions like autism and ADHD in children?
Parents can identify autism through signs like repetitive behaviours, lack of eye contact, minimal social interactions, and preference for solitary play. ADHD is often characterized by hyperactivity, difficulty focusing, impulsivity, and disruptive behaviour. Diagnosing these conditions early is essential, as interventions such as behavioural therapy, occupational therapy, and tailored educational strategies can make a significant difference. Parents should look for red flags, like delayed milestones or unusual behaviours, and consult specialists for evaluation. Minimizing screen time, fostering structured routines, and offering positive reinforcement can also help manage these conditions effectively. Early support ensures better long-term outcomes for the child.
What is the role of positive parenting in a child’s mental health and overall development?
Positive parenting plays a vital role in nurturing a child’s mental health and overall development. It involves recognizing and encouraging a child’s unique talents, avoiding criticism or harsh punishments, and fostering an environment of appreciation and reward for their efforts. By focusing on positive reinforcement, parents help build self-esteem, resilience, and emotional stability in their children. This approach also strengthens parent-child bonds and promotes healthy social and cognitive development. Creating a supportive, non-judgmental space enables children to explore their potential and handle challenges with confidence.
How can working parents balance their responsibilities while fostering meaningful connections with their children?
Working parents can balance their responsibilities by dedicating quality, uninterrupted time to their children, even if it’s just 10–15 minutes daily. Simple activities like playing games, reading together, or having a conversation can foster deeper connections. Scheduling regular outings or weekend activities strengthens family bonds and provides shared experiences. Parents should also avoid distractions, such as mobile phones, during these moments and be fully present. It’s essential to prioritize these interactions despite busy schedules, as they are fundamental to building trust, understanding, and emotional security in children.
How has the pandemic changed parents’ awareness of vaccinations, and why is this so important?
The pandemic has significantly heightened parents’ awareness of the importance of vaccinations. Many now recognize vaccines as essential tools in preventing life-threatening diseases, thanks to the widespread education campaigns during COVID-19. This awareness has extended to routine immunizations, with parents actively seeking vaccines like flu shots and pneumonia protection for their children. This shift is crucial as it fosters a proactive approach to public health, reducing the incidence of preventable illnesses and ensuring better overall health outcomes for children.
What do you say to parents concerned about short-term vaccine side effects versus long-term benefits?
To parents concerned about short-term vaccine side effects, I emphasize that mild reactions like fever, pain, or fatigue are temporary and manageable, whereas the long-term benefits of vaccines far outweigh these concerns. Vaccines protect against serious, potentially life-threatening diseases and prevent complications like disability or prolonged illness. Rigorous trials and ongoing surveillance ensure their safety and efficacy. I encourage parents to focus on the immense protective value vaccines offer, safeguarding their children’s health and contributing to community immunity for generations to come.
What is your perspective on the new HMPV virus, and how can parents stay prepared for such emerging threats?
The HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) is not a new virus but has been around for a long time. Recently, some cases have been reported, especially in severe forms in certain regions, but it has not posed widespread life-threatening risks or required significant hospitalizations. Parents can stay prepared for such emerging threats by adhering to general preventive measures like maintaining hand hygiene, wearing masks, and avoiding crowded places. Staying updated with medical guidance, monitoring symptoms early, and consulting healthcare providers when needed are essential steps to ensure their children’s safety.
How do you see paediatric healthcare evolving post-pandemic with the rise of online consultations?
Post-pandemic, paediatric healthcare has embraced the convenience and accessibility of online consultations, making quality care available even in remote areas. Parents now have the option to consult specialists for routine advice or initial assessments without the need for travel, which saves time and reduces exposure to infections. This shift has also fostered greater health awareness among parents, encouraging proactive healthcare management. While physical examinations remain irreplaceable for certain conditions, the integration of telemedicine has bridged gaps in accessibility and will continue to play a vital role in delivering efficient paediatric care.
What practical tips would you give to parents for managing allergies in children, both contact and ingested types?
To manage contact allergies, parents should minimize exposure to common triggers such as dust, pet dander, mould, and air pollution. Regular cleaning, washing bed linens weekly, and using air purifiers or dehumidifiers can help. For ingested allergies, like those triggered by seafood, eggs, peanuts, or chocolates, parents should identify specific allergens through allergy tests and avoid them. It’s also crucial to avoid smoking around children, as secondhand smoke exacerbates allergic reactions. When introducing new foods, parents should monitor for any adverse reactions and consult a doctor for advice on managing allergies effectively.
How can parents ensure their children grow up in a healthy, nurturing environment, both physically and emotionally?
To create a healthy and nurturing environment, parents should focus on balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and a structured daily routine. Encourage children to spend time outdoors, engage in physical play, and minimize screen time. Emotional well-being is equally important; parents should practice positive parenting by offering encouragement, avoiding criticism, and fostering open communication. Dedicate quality time to bonding activities like playing, reading, or simply conversing with your child. These practices not only strengthen parent-child relationships but also promote confidence, resilience, and holistic growth in children.
