India’s science and technology landscape is dynamic and rapidly evolving, with significant advancements and innovations across various disciplines. The country continues to demonstrate its commitment to progress in the scientific and technological domains, with initiatives ranging from space exploration to deep-sea research, from artificial intelligence to pharmaceutical development, and from electric mobility to enhanced communication networks. While challenges remain, such as concerns about drug quality and the need for greater investment in research and development, India is actively addressing these issues and striving to become a global leader in science and technology.
Science
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) celebrated a century of successful launches, marking a significant milestone in India’s space exploration journey. The 100th launch involved the deployment of the NVS-02 satellite, a next-generation navigation satellite, aboard the GSLV-F15 rocket. This satellite is designed to enhance the NavIC system, India’s indigenous navigation satellite system, providing more accurate and reliable positioning services. While the NVS-02 satellite experienced a setback after launch, the specific nature of the setback remains undisclosed.
Hyderabad will celebrate National Science Day on February 28 at Gachibowli Stadium, featuring an Aerospace Exhibition and 200 stalls, aiming to inspire 20,000 students in STEM careers and showcase India’s achievements.
In another remarkable achievement, India joined an elite group of nations by becoming the fourth country to successfully dock satellites in space. ISRO’s SpaDeX mission demonstrated this capability, with two Indian satellites achieving a close proximity of 3 meters before successfully docking. This accomplishment has significant implications for India’s future space ambitions, including potential interplanetary missions and the development of a space station. By mastering the complex manoeuvre of satellite docking, India has positioned itself as a major player in space technology, capable of undertaking more challenging and sophisticated missions in the future.
IIT Madras and ISRO have unveiled the IRIS-LV 1.0 semiconductor chip, an indigenous technology based on the SHAKTI microprocessor, aimed at enhancing aerospace applications. This development underscores India’s commitment to self-reliance in semiconductor manufacturing. Flight tests are planned soon, marking a major milestone in India’s technological advancement .
NASA has confirmed that asteroid 2024 YR4 poses a mere 0.004% risk of hitting Earth in 2032 but has a 1.7% chance of impacting the Moon on December 22, 2032. Initially labeled a “city killer,” its size could unleash energy equivalent to 500 atomic bombs if it struck Earth.
ISRO also continued its progress in the Gaganyaan mission, India’s human spaceflight program. The crew module for the first uncrewed mission was dispatched after successful integration with the liquid propulsion system. This marks a crucial step towards realizing India’s goal of sending astronauts into space. To further support its ambitious space program, the Indian government approved the construction of a third launch pad at Sriharikota. This new launch pad will enhance ISRO’s launch capabilities and provide greater flexibility in executing its diverse missions.
Beyond its achievements in space, India is also making strides in deep-sea exploration. The government’s ‘Deep Ocean Mission’ aims to launch a human underwater submersible, capable of reaching depths of 6,000 meters, by 2026. This ambitious mission will enable India to explore the vast and largely unknown depths of the ocean, unlocking potential resources and scientific discoveries.
Recognizing the growing role of the private sector in space exploration, IN-SPACe, India’s space regulator, launched a tech fund to accelerate the growth of startups in the space industry. This initiative reflects the government’s commitment to fostering innovation and private investment in the space sector.
Indian scientists also made notable contributions to astronomical research. Using the PARAS-2 spectrograph at the Mount Abu telescope, they discovered a new planet in a distant star system. This discovery adds to our understanding of planetary systems beyond our own. Furthermore, researchers developed a groundbreaking technology to shape light at the nanoscale, with potential applications in future technologies such as advanced optical computing and communication systems.
Engineering & Technology
The Indian engineering and technology sector is undergoing a significant transformation, with Global Capability Centers (GCCs) evolving beyond traditional IT functions. These centers are increasingly focusing on innovation and domain expertise, driving increased hiring for specialized tech roles in sectors like BFSI, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. This shift towards innovation is positioning India as a key player in the global technology landscape, attracting foreign investment and boosting technology exports.
IIIT-Hyderabad students developed EdgeML Balancer, a machine learning technique enabling real-time traffic monitoring on smartphones. This innovative approach adapts to traffic conditions, showcasing the power of technology in solving everyday issues in transportation.
Semiconductors
The Indian government is actively promoting the growth of the semiconductor and electronics manufacturing sector. A significant allocation of INR 7000 crore has been made to the Modified Programme for Development of Semiconductors and Display Manufacturing Ecosystem. This program aims to establish semiconductor fabs and display fabs in India, develop compound semiconductors, silicon photonics, and sensor fabs, strengthen Semiconductor Assembly, Testing, Marking, and Packaging (ATMP) facilities, modernize the Semi-Conductor Laboratory in Mohali, and expand the existing infrastructure for semiconductor manufacturing.
India will launch its first made-in-India semiconductor chip by 2025, announced Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw at the Global Investors Summit in Bhopal. The government is constructing five semiconductor units and plans to train over 100,000 engineers to enhance the electronics sector, valued at Rs 10 lakh crore
Investment in Innovation
Recognizing the importance of innovation for economic growth, the Indian government has allocated ₹20,000 crore to implement private sector-driven Research, Development, and Innovation (RDI) initiatives. This investment aims to encourage research and development activities in the private sector, fostering innovation and technological advancements across various industries.
Digital Technologies
India is undergoing a remarkable digital transformation, driven by initiatives like Aadhaar and Digital India. These programs have been instrumental in promoting digital inclusion and bridging the urban-rural disparity.
India’s Digital Revolution
India’s digital revolution is evident in its achievements:
- 1.38 billion Aadhaar cards issued, providing a unique digital identity to a vast majority of the population.
- High-speed internet connectivity access to over 950 million subscribers, enabling widespread access to information and digital services.
- Internet connectivity in over 644,000 villages, bridging the digital divide and bringing digital services to rural areas.
- $1.6 billion USD in UPI transactions as of FY23-24, demonstrating the widespread adoption of digital payments.
These achievements highlight India’s role as a vital catalyst of digital advancement globally.
Digital Public Infrastructure
The launch of BharatTradeNet, a digital public infrastructure for International trade, is a significant step towards streamlining trade documentation and financing. This platform will enhance efficiency and transparency in international trade, facilitating greater economic growth.
Technology Sabha
The Technology Sabha event, organized by the Indian Express Group, serves as a premier platform for discussing e-governance and digital transformation in India. This event brings together government officials, policymakers, and industry experts to deliberate on strategies for building a digital powerhouse.
The IT industry witnessed several notable developments. TCS, a leading IT services company, partnered with Salesforce to leverage AI for manufacturers and semiconductor suppliers. This collaboration aims to enhance efficiency and productivity in these sectors through AI-powered solutions.
Cognizant raised concerns about Infosys, another major IT firm, allegedly stealing trade secrets related to the TriZetto software. This incident highlights the challenges of intellectual property protection in the competitive IT landscape.
Meanwhile, IT firm Cyient appointed Sukamal Banerjee as its new CEO, bringing in new leadership to navigate the evolving technology landscape.
The recent layoffs of freshers at Infosys’ Mysuru campus have drawn the attention of Karnataka’s labour minister, who is investigating the matter following a directive from the Central Government5. This incident has raised concerns about employment practices in the IT sector and the impact of automation on job security.
India is also making significant strides in the field of artificial intelligence. The central government has received 67 proposals to build an India-specific artificial intelligence foundational model, including 20 large language models (LLMs). This initiative reflects India’s commitment to developing its own AI capabilities and promoting innovation in this rapidly evolving field.
In the semiconductor industry, India has initiated the modernization of the Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL), the country’s first chip fabrication unit. This upgrade, with a budget of ₹4,000 crore, aims to enhance India’s semiconductor manufacturing capabilities and reduce reliance on imports.
Furthermore, the US and India announced a partnership to strengthen emerging technologies. This collaboration will foster joint research and development efforts in areas such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology, further enhancing India’s technological prowess.
The aerospace industry is also witnessing India’s growing importance. Global aerospace firms are increasingly turning to India amid the Western supply chain crisis. This trend highlights India’s potential as a reliable and cost-effective manufacturing hub for aerospace components and systems.
Pharmaceuticals
The Indian pharmaceutical industry continues to play a crucial role in the Global healthcare landscape. Zydus Lifesciences Chairman, Pankaj R. Patel, expressed confidence in India’s ability to deliver 100 new drugs by 2047 through enhanced research and development efforts. He emphasized the importance of innovation, capability building, and a focus on societal benefit in achieving this goal.
However, concerns have been raised about the quality of India-made generic drugs. A study indicated a higher rate of severe adverse outcomes compared to US-made generics, potentially due to differences in quality assurance practices. Addressing these concerns is crucial for maintaining India’s reputation as a leading pharmaceutical exporter and ensuring the safety and efficacy of its drug products.
The government is taking steps to improve drug quality by increasing inspections at pharmaceutical units to ensure compliance with standards. In addition, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has introduced mandatory online submissions and digital payments for enforcement and adjudication proceedings. This initiative aims to streamline regulatory processes and enhance transparency in the pharmaceutical sector.
In other news, Granules India acquired a Swiss firm to enter the CDMO (Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization) space. This strategic move allows Granules India to expand its service offerings and cater to the growing demand for outsourced drug development and manufacturing. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) partnered with industry leaders for groundbreaking Phase-1 clinical trials, focusing on developing new treatments for diseases like multiple myeloma and Zika virus. Panacea Biotec secured a loan from the US government to expand its hexavalent vaccine production capacity, contributing to global efforts in childhood immunization.
An EY report highlighted the potential of Generative AI (GenAI) to transform India’s healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors, predicting productivity gains of 30-40%. This technology can revolutionize drug discovery, clinical trials, and patient care, further strengthening India’s position in the global pharmaceutical landscape.
Sanofi’s Rezurock received approval in India for treating patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. This new drug approval provides a much-needed treatment option for patients with this serious condition. Alkem Laboratories launched Kojiglo serum in India for managing facial hyperpigmentation, expanding its product portfolio in the dermatology segment.
Hyderabad’s Biological E. Limited has partnered with Denmark’s Bavarian Nordic to enhance the availability of the Chikungunya vaccine in low-income countries. The collaboration aims to transfer technology for increased manufacturing in India, creating approximately 300 jobs and improving health options for vulnerable populations in Chikungunya-affected regions.
Food, Dairy & Nutrition
India faces a significant challenge in addressing protein deficiency in rural areas, despite the availability and affordability of protein-rich foods. A study by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) revealed that two-thirds of households surveyed consumed less protein than recommended, even though they had access to protein-rich foods like pulses and millets. This highlights the need for more diverse diets and increased awareness of the importance of protein-rich foods in rural India.
The study also emphasized the crucial role of women’s education in promoting better nutrition within households. Educated women are better equipped to make informed food choices and prioritize nutrition for their families, leading to improved health outcomes.
The soy beverage market in India is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing health consciousness and a preference for plant-based alternatives. Urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and a strong tradition of soy-based drinks like soy lassi and soy chaas are contributing to this trend. Multinational and domestic brands are investing in fortified soy milk varieties to cater to the growing demand for functional beverages, further fuelling the market’s expansion.
In other news, a controversy erupted on social media after an Indian doctor claimed that paneer and milk are not vegetarian foods. This sparked a debate on dietary classifications and cultural perspectives on food, highlighting the complexities of defining vegetarianism in the Indian context.
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) launched a project to address microplastic contamination in Indian food products. This initiative involves collaboration with research institutions to develop detection methods and understand exposure levels, ensuring the safety and quality of food consumed in India.
To promote healthy eating habits, an app providing nutritional information on Indian foods is under development. This app will empower consumers to make informed food choices and contribute to better dietary practices.
A recent ranking of popular Indian chutneys based on their nutritional profile provides valuable insights for health-conscious consumers. This information can guide individuals in making healthier choices while enjoying traditional Indian cuisine.
Health Sciences
The health sciences sector in India witnessed significant developments in February 2025. A cancer vaccine for women is set to launch in India within 5-6 months, offering a new preventive measure against cervical cancer. Researchers at IIT Kanpur unveiled the atomic structure of CXCR2, a protein involved in cancer and respiratory diseases. This breakthrough could pave the way for new therapeutic approaches to target these diseases.
The IDA Deccan Branch won eight national awards at the 75th Indian Dental Conference in Chennai. These awards recognize the branch’s excellence in promoting oral health and its various activities. Dr. M Raveendranath, President of the IDA, and Dr. Ashok Dhoble, Secretary, presented the awards. Notable achievements include the Runners Up Trophy for All Round Activity and awards for school dental health and student activities. The event celebrated the hard work of many dental professionals dedicated to community service.
Concerns were raised about the over-prescription of antidepressants, although their effectiveness in certain cases was acknowledged. This highlights the need for responsible prescribing practices and a balanced approach to mental health treatment. The government is working on collating data on the U-WIN platform to address challenges in healthcare delivery and improve access to healthcare services.
The first reported case of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) in Mumbai raised public health concerns. GBS is a rare neurological disorder that can cause muscle weakness and paralysis. Health authorities are monitoring the situation closely to prevent further spread of the disease.
An Oxford study highlighted the significant impact of lifestyle and environment on deaths, emphasizing the importance of healthy habits and living conditions in promoting longevity. This finding has implications for public health policies and interventions aimed at improving overall well-being.
The use of generative AI for health inquiries is a growing trend, with individuals increasingly turning to AI-powered tools like ChatGPT for health-related information and advice. While AI can provide valuable insights, it is essential to be aware of the potential risks and limitations associated with relying solely on AI for health advice.
The Indian Rubber Gloves Manufacturers Association raised concerns about imported medical gloves violating safety norms, highlighting the importance of medical device safety and regulation. Ensuring the quality and safety of medical devices is crucial for protecting public health and preventing potential harm.
Chinese virologists reported a new bat coronavirus that could infect humans via the same route as COVID-19. This finding underscores the ongoing threat of zoonotic diseases and the need for continued vigilance and research to prevent future pandemics.
The Union Health Ministry launched an intensified special Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) screening drive, focusing on early detection and prevention of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. This initiative aims to improve public health outcomes by promoting early diagnosis and timely intervention.
In a collaborative effort to enhance geriatric healthcare, the Ministry of Ayush and the Department of Social Justice partnered to develop and implement programs aimed at improving the health and well-being of elderly individuals6. This partnership recognizes the growing need for specialized healthcare services for the aging population.
AIIMS Delhi acquired a cutting-edge surgical robot, enhancing its capabilities in minimally invasive surgery. This technology allows for greater precision and less invasiveness in surgical procedures, leading to better patient outcomes and faster recovery times.
Hyderabad’s Yellow Ribbon Run on March 2 aims to raise awareness about endometriosis, expecting over 2,000 participants in various categories.
NIT Rourkela’s new AI model uses deep learning to enhance blood sugar level predictions for diabetes patients, aiming to improve management as cases rise in India.
Life Sciences
The life sciences domain in India witnessed significant advancements in February 2025. Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, developed organs-on-chips to simulate cancer metastasis and study the impact of aging and diabetes on cancer cell behaviour. They found that stress can enhance the metastatic potential of cancer cells, providing valuable insights into the complex process of cancer spread.
Another study highlighted the potential of optical genome mapping in combination with the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genome to provide a complete view of the genome and revolutionize genetic diagnostics and research. This innovative approach can lead to more accurate diagnosis of genetic disorders and a deeper understanding of the human genome.
ORDI, a healthcare organization, launched ‘Savemylife’, a crowdfunding platform aimed at supporting healthcare access for individuals in need. This initiative leverages technology to connect patients with potential donors and facilitate financial assistance for medical treatments.
Nectar Life Care introduced new anti-diabetic formulations, expanding treatment options for diabetes management. These new formulations may offer improved efficacy and convenience for patients with diabetes.
Cotecna Life Sciences India inaugurated a new laboratory in Mumbai, enhancing its research and development capabilities in the life sciences sector. This investment in infrastructure demonstrates the growing focus on research and innovation in India.
Telangana is set to launch a new life sciences policy aimed at making the state a global hub for pharmaceuticals. Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy announced that 11 companies, including major players like Bharat Biotech and Granules, will invest ₹5,445 crore, creating around 9,800 jobs in the new Green Pharma City. This initiative focuses on advanced fields like gene therapy and digital health, positioning Telangana as a leader in innovation and biotechnology.
A study shows tropical lizards, when hungry, choose riskier food options for greater rewards, demonstrating their ability to make strategic foraging decisions based on energy levels and food predictability.
US biotech firm Amgen is investing Rs 1,600 crore in Hyderabad by 2025, having opened a new Technology & Innovation site in Raheja Knowledge City. Currently employing 300, Amgen plans to hire an additional 300 staff. Telangana’s Chief Minister hailed the investment for boosting biotech talent and fostering local partnerships.
Aviation
The Indian aviation sector experienced a surge in domestic air passenger traffic, with a 14.5% year-on-year increase in January 2025. This growth reflects the increasing demand for air travel in India and the expanding reach of air connectivity. However, despite this positive trend, the industry is projected to face losses in FY25 and FY26 due to factors such as rising fuel prices and increased competition.
Air India achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first Indian airline to offer Wi-Fi on domestic flights. This enhancement improves the passenger experience and provides greater connectivity during air travel. IndiGo solidified its presence in Sri Lanka, becoming the largest foreign carrier in the country. This expansion highlights IndiGo’s growth strategy and its focus on regional connectivity. SpiceJet announced plans to re-induct its grounded Boeing 737 MAX aircraft into operations, expanding its fleet capacity and resuming services with this aircraft type.
Air India Express launched a new route connecting Kolkata with Hindon in Ghaziabad, further expanding air connectivity within India. Oman Air introduced new aircraft on Indian routes, modernizing its fleet and improving its service offerings. IndiGo announced plans for a new route to Scandinavia, expanding its international network and providing greater travel options for passengers.
Navi Mumbai airport is aiming to become a major cargo hub with FedEx and DHL, developing its cargo infrastructure and enhancing its logistics capabilities5. This development will boost trade and commerce in the region.
The UDAN scheme, a government initiative to improve regional air connectivity, aims to connect 120 new airports in the coming decade. This ambitious plan will enhance air travel access for people in remote and underserved areas, promoting economic development and social inclusion.
IndiGo announced plans to add more flights to Jaffna, Sri Lanka, further expanding its regional network.
India is gearing up to welcome new airlines in 2025, with the launch of Shankh Air, Air Kerala, and Alhind Air, indicating the anticipated growth of the Indian aviation sector.
Mobility
The Indian mobility market is poised for significant growth, with projections indicating it will double by 2030, exceeding $600 billion. This expansion is driven by emerging revenue pools like electric, shared, and connected mobility, reflecting the changing landscape of transportation in India.
Tata Motors achieved a remarkable milestone by surpassing 200,000 electric vehicle sales in India. This achievement underscores Tata’s leadership in the electric vehicle market and its contribution to the growing adoption of sustainable transportation in India. Tata’s success could encourage other automakers to invest in electric vehicles and accelerate the transition towards cleaner and greener mobility solutions.
Vayve Mobility, an Indian carmaker, introduced two new solar-powered electric vehicles (EVs): the EVA, a compact city car, and the CT5, an electric taxi. These vehicles are designed to address urban mobility needs while promoting sustainability and reducing reliance on conventional fuels.
To further promote electric vehicle adoption, Tata Motors announced celebratory offers for EV buyers, including exchange bonuses, 100% on-road finance options, complimentary charging benefits, and loyalty rewards. These incentives aim to make electric vehicles more accessible and appealing to consumers.
In other news
The production of MG Windsor EV cars reached 15,000 units, highlighting the growing popularity of electric vehicles in India.
Toyota launched the all-electric Innova, expanding its electric vehicle offerings in the Indian market.
BYD India unveiled its fourth electric vehicle, the Sealion 7, further diversifying the electric vehicle landscape in India.
Hyundai India unveiled its flagship electric SUV, the Ioniq 9, showcasing its commitment to electric mobility.
VinFast, a Vietnamese manufacturer, unveiled the VF 7 electric SUV for the Indian market, expanding its global presence. Tata Motors unveiled the production-spec version of the Harrier EV, demonstrating its continued focus on electric vehicle development.
ePlane Company secured a contract to supply 788 electric air ambulances in India, highlighting the use of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) technology in healthcare and emergency services. This development could revolutionize emergency medical transportation, particularly in urban areas with traffic congestion.
Communication
India and Bangladesh agreed to launch a new hotline between their border-guarding forces to enhance communication and coordination. This initiative aims to improve border security and address cross-border crimes, fostering greater cooperation between the two countries.
Bharti Airtel, a leading telecommunications company, announced plans to increase its stake in Airtel Africa by up to 5%. This move reflects Airtel’s commitment to expanding its presence in the African market and strengthening its position in the global telecom sector.
The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) partnered with Beckhaul to enhance metro internet connectivity, improving internet access for commuters and enhancing their travel experience.
India and the UK forged a partnership to advance telecom and AI technologies, fostering collaboration in research and development and promoting innovation in these fields.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released recommendations on the framework for service authorizations for broadcasting services, aiming to streamline regulatory processes and promote transparency in the broadcasting sector.
TRAI also emphasized the need for fairness in satellite and terrestrial spectrum allocation, ensuring a level playing field for different players in the telecom industry.
In other news, corporate leaders in India stressed the importance of AI localization, advocating for the development of AI solutions tailored to the Indian context.
Assam’s upcoming semiconductor plant is expected to position the state as a hub for semiconductor manufacturing in India.
An AI city is being developed in Lucknow, showcasing initiatives to promote AI adoption and innovation.
The central government extended the tenure of NITI Aayog CEO Subrahmanyam, ensuring continuity in policy and technology development.
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) ordered Google to remove 119 apps from the Google Play Store due to security and privacy concerns.
CLSA, an international brokerage house, identified Bharti Airtel as a top pick for the telecom sector, reflecting positive industry trends and investment opportunities.
Climate & Environment
A recent study raised concerns about car brake dust being more harmful than diesel exhaust, highlighting the need to address this often-overlooked source of air pollution. The study found that brake dust contains a significant amount of particulate matter, which can have adverse effects on human health and the environment.
In an unexpected ruling, the Swedish Supreme Court decided that climate activists cannot sue the state over climate action. This decision has implications for climate litigation and the role of courts in addressing climate change.
