In 2024, the world witnessed a significant surge in government-ordered internet shutdowns, reaching an alarming total of 296 incidents reported globally. This number marked the highest ever recorded in a single year, according to a detailed report by Access Now, an advocacy group dedicated to promoting digital rights.
India at the Forefront
India emerged as a notable contributor to these disturbances, accounting for approximately 28% of the global total with 84 shutdowns. This figure, while substantial, indicated a slight decline from the previous year, a trend that reflects both state security concerns and extensive societal unrest.
Among the Indian states, the situation was particularly critical, with significant shutdowns occurring in 16 states and Union Territories. The states of Manipur, Haryana, and Jammu & Kashmir were reported as the primary offenders, with 21, 12, and 12 shutdowns respectively. Notably, 41 of the 84 shutdowns were linked to protests, while 23 were related to instances of communal violence, showcasing the government’s tendency to restrict internet access in contexts deemed as threats to stability.
The Global Context
When compared to India, Myanmar experienced a close second with 85 shutdowns, largely driven by political unrest and military governance. The data also highlighted the involvement of external influences; for instance, China imposed shutdowns in Myanmar, reinforcing the complex interplay of national policies and external pressures contributing to internet accessibility.
Exam Shutdowns and Their Implications
One of the more controversial aspects of internet shutdowns in India was their correlation with examination schedules. Authorities implemented temporary shutdowns to prevent cheating during significant examination periods, reflecting a knee-jerk reaction to academic dishonesty. In total, five such shutdowns were recorded in connection with academic evaluations in 2024, drawing criticism from advocates who argue that such measures disproportionately affect students and disrupt their educational pursuits.
Advocacy and Transparency Concerns
The report raised flags regarding the lack of transparency that often accompanies these shutdown orders, particularly in democracies where citizens should have a right to information and connectivity. Access Now and other digital rights organizations have called for clearer guidelines and more accountability from governments regarding internet restrictions.
-Raja Aditya
